RUANG LINGKUP MATERI BELAJAR
PENGETAHUAN
3.1 Menerapkan konsep dasar ilmu kimia
3.2 Menerapkankonsep-konsep stoikiometri
3.3 Menerapkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pereaksi kimia
3.4 Menerapkan pembuatan larutan/reagensia
KETRAMPILAN
4.1 Melaksanakan percobaan aplikasi konsep dasar ilmu kimia
4.2 Melaksanakan perhitungan stokiometri
4.3 Membuat pereaksi kimia
4.4 Membuat dan menstandarisasi larutan/reagensia
MATERI
MENERAPKAN
KONSEP DASAR ILMU KIMIA
Klasifikasi Materi
SUBSTANCES
Elemen be classificate
1.
Metal
2.
Non metal
3.
Semi metal
Please
observe the Periodic Table and mention metal elements and non metal elements
You
can do by this table
Why should you learn about substance Or compounds?
The
Examples of Compounds in Daily Life
Compound
|
Formula
|
Usage
|
Natrium Klorida
|
NaCl
|
Garam dapur
|
Sukrosa
|
C12H22O11
|
Pemanis
|
Asam Asetat
|
CH3COOH
|
Cuka makan
|
Asam Sulfat
|
H2SO4
|
Air accu
|
Asam Askorbat
|
C6H8O6
|
Vitamin C
|
Soda Kue
|
NaHCO3
|
Soda kue
|
Urea
|
CO(NH2)2
|
Pupuk
|
Aspirin
|
C9H8O4
|
Obat sakit kepala
|
The
Metal Elements
Symbol
|
Name
|
Symbol
|
Name
|
Li
|
Cd
|
||
Na
|
Mg
|
||
K
|
Mn
|
||
Ca
|
Fe
|
||
Cr
|
Zn
|
||
Co
|
Al
|
||
Cu
|
Pt
|
||
Pb
|
|||
Sn
|
|||
The Non Metal Elements
Symbol
|
Name
|
Symbol
|
Name
|
C
|
F
|
||
H
|
Cl
|
||
O
|
Br
|
||
N
|
I
|
||
S
|
|||
P
|
|||
The Character of Metal be compared Non Metal Element
Aspect
|
Metal
|
Non
Metal
|
Conductivity
|
||
Phase
|
||
How do the due elements bond
while depand on the oxidation number
Element 1 (Metal)
|
Element
2 (Metal or non metal)
|
The
Bonding
|
||
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
|
X
|
+1
|
Y
|
-1
|
XY
|
Y
|
-2
|
X2Y
|
||
Y
|
-3
|
X3Y
|
||
X
|
+2
|
Y
|
-1
|
XY2
|
Y
|
-2
|
XY
|
||
Y
|
-3
|
X3Y2
|
||
X
|
+3
|
Y
|
-1
|
XY3
|
Y
|
-2
|
X2Y3
|
||
Y
|
-3
|
X3Y2
|
Base Oxida (OKSIDA BASA)
Metal
|
Non
Metal
|
The
Bonding
|
Compound’s
Names
|
||
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
||
Na
|
+1
|
O
|
-2
|
Na2O
|
Natrium Oksida
|
Mg
|
+2
|
MgO
|
Magnesium Oksida
|
||
Al
|
+3
|
Al2O3
|
Aluminium Oksida
|
||
Fe
|
+2
|
FeO
|
Besi (II) Oksida
|
||
Fe
|
+3
|
Fe2O3
|
Besi (III) Oksida
|
Acid Oxide (OKSIDA
ASAM)
Non
Metal
|
Non
Metal
|
The Bonding
|
Compound’s
Names
|
||
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
||
Cl
|
-1
|
O
|
-2
|
Cl2O
|
|
-3
|
Cl2O3
|
||||
-5
|
Cl2O5
|
||||
-7
|
Cl2O7
|
Note : Names with mono, di,
tri, tetra, penta, heksa, hepta, okta, nona
Enjoy in your task 1
Metal
|
Non
Metal
|
The Bonding
|
Compound’s
Names
|
|||
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
|||
K
|
O
|
-2
|
||||
Ca
|
||||||
Ba
|
||||||
Cu
|
||||||
Sn
|
||||||
Pb
|
||||||
Mg
|
||||||
Ag
|
||||||
Na
|
||||||
Non
Metal
|
Non
Metal
|
The
Bonding
|
Compound’s
Names
|
|||
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
|||
P
|
O
|
-2
|
||||
S
|
||||||
C
|
||||||
N
|
||||||
The same way, PLEASE COMPLETE this table for other element
Metal
|
Non
Metal
|
The
Bonding
|
Compound’s
Names
|
|||
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
|||
Pb
|
Cl
|
|||||
Mg
|
S
|
|||||
Ag
|
I
|
|||||
Na
|
Br
|
|||||
Mn
|
F
|
|||||
Fe
|
2
|
|||||
Fe
|
3
|
|||||
Non
Metal
|
Non
Metal
|
The
Bonding
|
Compound’s
Names
|
|||
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
Symbol
|
Oxidation
Number
|
|||
C
|
Cl
|
|||||
C
|
S
|
|||||
N
|
H
|
|||||
H
|
O
|
|||||
C
|
F
|
|||||
ACID compounds is added water will be ion H+ and X-
NO
|
NAMES
|
FORMULA
|
IONIZATION
|
1
|
Asam Klorida
|
HCl
|
|
2
|
Asam Iodida
|
HI
|
|
3
|
Asam Fluorida
|
HF
|
|
4
|
Asam Bromida
|
HBr
|
|
5
|
Asam Sulfida
|
H2S
|
|
6
|
Asam sianida
|
HCN
|
|
6
|
Asam Asetat (cuka)
|
CH3COOH
|
|
7
|
Asam Sulfit
|
H2SO3
|
|
8
|
Asam Sulfat
|
H2SO4
|
|
9
|
Asam Nitrit
|
HNO2
|
|
10
|
Asam Nitrat
|
HNO3
|
|
11
|
Asam fosfat
|
H3PO3
|
|
12
|
Asam fosfit
|
H3PO4
|
|
13
|
Asam karbonit
|
H2CO2
|
|
14
|
Asam Karbonat
|
H2CO3
|
|
15
|
Asam Oksalat
|
H2C2O4
|
|
16
|
Asam Borat
|
||
17
|
Asam Klorat
|
||
18
|
Asam Klorit
|
||
19
|
Asam hipoklorit
|
||
20
|
Asam Perklorat
|
Note : The Acid have characters
- Color change from blue lacmus to red
- pH < 7
- corosive
- acid taste
--------------
Base compounds is added Water will ionization Metal kation or L+ and
(OH)-
NO
|
NAMES
|
FORMULA
|
IONIZATION
|
1
|
Natrium Hidroksida
|
NaOH
|
Na + +
(OH)_
|
2
|
Kalium Hidroksida
|
KOH
|
K+ + (OH)_
|
3
|
LiOH
|
Li+ +
(OH)_
|
|
4
|
Mg(OH)2
|
Mg 2+ + 2(OH)_
|
|
5
|
Ba(OH)2
|
+ 2(OH)_
|
|
6
|
Ca(OH)2
|
+ 2(OH)_
|
|
6
|
Mn(OH)2
|
||
7
|
Mg(OH)
|
||
8
|
Besi (II) Hidroksida
|
Fe(OH)2
|
|
9
|
Fe(OH)3
|
||
10
|
Al(OH)3
|
||
11
|
PbOH
|
||
12
|
Pb(OH)2
|
||
13
|
Cu(OH)2
|
||
Characteristic of Base is
-
-
-
-
-
Salt compounds with ionization : L+ +
X_
Reaction : Acid +
Base ------> Salt + Water
NO
|
ACID
|
BASE
|
SALT
|
NAMES
|
1
|
HCl
|
NaOH
|
NaCl
|
Natrium Klorida
|
2
|
HBr
|
KOH
|
KBr
|
Kalium Bromida
|
3
|
HCl
|
Mg(OH)2
|
||
4
|
HI
|
Ba(OH)2
|
||
5
|
HF
|
Ca(OH)2
|
||
6
|
H2S
|
Mn(OH)2
|
||
6
|
HCN
|
Mg(OH)
|
||
7
|
CH3COOH
|
Fe(OH)2
|
||
8
|
H2SO3
|
Fe(OH)3
|
||
9
|
H2SO4
|
Al(OH)3
|
||
10
|
HNO2
|
PbOH
|
||
11
|
HNO3
|
Pb(OH)2
|
||
12
|
H3PO3
|
Cu(OH)2
|
||
13
|
H3PO4
|
|||
14
|
H2CO2
|
|||
15
|
H2CO3
|
|||
16
|
H2C2O4
|
|||
17
|
||||
18
|
||||
19
|
||||
20
|
||||
Understanding about Component of the compounds
Please look the atom mass on your periodic table
FORMULA
|
COMPONENT
|
MASS COMPARATION
|
MASS
(Mr)
|
H2SO4
|
2
atom Hidrogen, 1 atom Sulfur, 4 atom Oksigen
|
H : S
: O = 2 : 32 : 64 1 : 16 : 32
|
98
|
HNO2
|
1 atom Hidrogen, 1 atom Nitrogen, 2
atom Oksigen
|
||
Fe(OH)3
|
|||
Al(OH)3
|
|||
Al2(SO4)3
|
|||
H3PO4
|
|||
Na3(PO4)2
|
Understanding about empiric formula
COMPOUND
|
MOLECULE’S FORMULA
|
EMPIRIC’S
FORMULA
|
Water
|
H2O
|
H2O
|
Amonia
|
NH3
|
NH3
|
Etana
|
C2H6
|
(CH3)n n=2
|
Glukosa
|
C6H12O6
|
(CH2O)n n=6
|
Etuna
|
C2H2
|
(CH)n n=2
|
Balancing of Chemical Reaction
A
|
B
|
Product
|
Na
4Na
|
O2
O2
|
Na2O
Menambahakan index 2 pada Na
untuk menyetarakan bilangan oksidasi atau muatan
2 Na2O
Menambahkan koefisien
untuk menyetarakan jumlah atom sisi kiri dan sisi kanan
|
Mg
|
Cl2
|
MgCl2
|
3Na
|
H3PO4
|
Na3PO4
+ H2O
|
2HNO3
|
Pb(OH)2
|
Pb(NO3)2 +
2H2O
|
HUKUM DASAR KIMIA
Hukum Kekekalan Massa (
Hukum Lavoisier)
“Massa zat-zat sebelum dan sesudah reaksiadalah tetap”.
Contoh: hidrogen
+ oksigen → hidrogen oksida
(4g) + (32g) = (36g)
Hukum Perbandingan Tetap
(Hukum Proust)
"Perbandingan
massa unsur-unsur penyusun suatu senyawa selalu tetap"
Contoh: setiap
1 gram gas hidrogen bereaksi dengan 8
gram oksigen, menghasilkan 9 gram air.
Hal
ini membuktikan bahwa massa hidrogen dan massa oksigen yang terkandung dalam
air memiliki perbandingan yang tetap yaitu 1 : 8, berapapun banyaknya air yang
terbentuk
Contoh:
Pada senyawa NH3
massa N : massa H
Ar .
N : 3 Ar . H
1
(14) : 3 (1)
= 14 : 3
Pada senyawa SO3 massa
S : massa 0
1 Ar
. S : 3 Ar . O
(32) : 3 (16) = 32 : 48 = 2 : 3
Contoh:
Berapa kadar C dalam 50 gram CaCO3 ? (Ar: C = 12; 0 = 16;
Ca=40)
Massa C = (Ar C / Mr CaCO3) x massa CaCO3
= 12/100 x 50 gram
= 6 gram massa C
Kadar C = massa C / massa CaCO3 x 100%
= 6/50 x 100 % = 12%
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